Bird Fever: Histoplasmosis - NIEHS Alphabetical = Listing of Health Topics

From: Subject: Bird Fever: Histoplasmosis - NIEHS Alphabetical Listing of Health Topics Date: Wed, 9 Feb 2005 10:06:33 -0600 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0010_01C50E8F.08502730"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1165 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0010_01C50E8F.08502730 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/faq/bird.htm Bird Fever: Histoplasmosis - NIEHS Alphabetical = Listing of Health Topics Skip=20 Navigation

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Home > Environmental = Health=20 Information > Alphabetical=20 Topics: HS > Topic:=20 = Histoplasmosis

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"Bird Fever" - = Histoplasmosis

Question: "The town where I live is home to a = legion of=20 pigeons, and we have many tales of people getting sick with "bird = fever."=20 I am a teacher, and I work in a very old school. I have seen two = very=20 large piles of pigeon droppings in the school's attic. I am = concerned=20 because I work on the floor directly below the attic, the ceiling = of my=20 classroom has cracks in it. Also, the school has recently = installed a new=20 air conditioning system in the attic. Am I at risk for catching = bird=20 fever?"

Answer: Histoplasmosis is an = infectious=20 disease of the lungs caused by a fungus called Histoplasma = capsulatum. The=20 infection sometimes can spread to other parts of the body.

This Histoplasma organism thrives in moderate = temperatures=20 and moist environments. Droppings from chickens, pigeons, = starlings,=20 blackbirds, and bats support its growth. Birds are not infected = with it=20 because of their high body temperatures, but they do carry it on = their=20 feathers. Bats can be infected because they have a lower body = temperature=20 than birds and can excrete the organism in their droppings. = Because bats=20 populate them, caves often are sites where multiple people become = infected=20 simultaneously.

To multiply, Histoplasma capsulatum produces = small spores=20 called conidia. The conidia of Histoplasma capsulatum are only two = millionths of a meter (microns, =B5m) in diameter. When these = conidia are=20 inhaled, they are small enough that they enter the lungs and start = an=20 infection. Many of these infections are easily overlooked because = they=20 either produce mild symptoms or none at all. However, = histoplasmosis can=20 be severe and produce an illness similar to tuberculosis.

When a person breathes in the conidia (spores) = of=20 Histoplasma capsulatum, the lungs' defense mechanisms attempt to=20 neutralize them. Not all the conidia are neutralized. The ones = that avoid=20 the defense start an infection. The symptoms of the infection = appear=20 within 5 to 18 days after exposure, most commonly in 10 days.

Confirmation of a diagnosis of histoplasmosis = often=20 requires laboratory examinations which identify histoplasmosis in = lung=20 biopsy. Blood and urine antigen tests, skin antibody tests, and = x-rays may=20 be performed but they are only of secondary value in diagnosis. CT = scans=20 are often valuable in spotting damage done by one's immune system = in its=20 attempt to fight histoplasmosis.

Most patients who develop histoplasmosis do not = require=20 treatment. Some may only require supportive treatment that = relieves the=20 symptoms of the disease. Severe symptoms with a large involvement = of the=20 lungs, other organs, and/or bone marrow require treatment with = specific=20 antifungal drugs. It is highly recommended that people with both = an immune=20 disorder and histoplasmosis receive prompt antifungal treatment. = Patients=20 with compromised immune systems should always receive antifungal = therapy;=20 untreated disseminated histoplasmosis is usually fatal.

Additional Information:=20

Health=20 Topic: Histoplasmosis=20
External Site - = CDC:=20 Factsheet on Histoplasmosis=20
External Site - National = Eye Institute: Histoplasmosis and the Eye=20
External Site - NIOSH: = Histoplasmosis:=20 Protecting Workers at Risk=20

Environmental = Health=20 Information | Fac= tsheets=20 | Pamp= hlets=20 | Press=20 Releases

Our publications are not copyrighted and may be = reproduced=20 without permission. However, we do ask that credit be given to the = National Institute of = Environmental=20 Health Sciences, National = Institutes of=20 Health, U.S. Department of = Health=20 and Human Services.

NIEHS Home Page | NIH Home Page
NIEHS welcomes = your=20 comments and suggestions.
Please send them to: mailto:webcenter@niehs.nih.gov
Content=20 Reviewed: January 1997 | Page updated: January 2004
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